Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonik

Sri Wahyu Murni, Latifah Nurrahmaningsih, Punden Fitrianti, Alex Sando, Jefry Roy James

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ABSTRAK: Pada penelitian ini, dipelajari pengaruh dari gelombang ultrasonik terhadap reaksi transesterifikasi dari minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel. Pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap. Seluruh reaksi dijalankan dengan gelombang ultrasonik berdaya 750 watt dan frekuensi 20 kHz. Tahap pertama adalah proses esterifikasi yang bertujuan mengurangi kandungan asam lemak bebas (FFA) menggunakan katalis asam. Reaksi esterifikasi berlangsung dalam kondisi tertentu. Tahap kedua adalah produksi biodiesel melalui transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis alkali. Parameter yang dipelajari adalah efek dari suhu dan amplitude terhadap reaksi transesterifikasi. Hasil dari percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kandungan FFA dapat diturunkan menjadi 0,77% menggunakan katalis asam sulfat 1% w/w minyak, rasio methanol terhadap minyak 6:1, dan waktu reaksi 60 menit. Selanjutnya, minyak diubah menjadi biodiesel menggunakan katalis KOH, dan diperoleh konversi sebesar 83% dengan jumlah katalis 1% w/w minyak, rasio methanol terhadap minyak 6:1, frekuensi 20 kHz, amplitude 50%, suhu 60°C, dan waktu reaksi 40 menit. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki densitas 879 kg/m3, viskositas 5,67 cst, titik nyala 158 °C, titik tuang 16 °C, kandungan air 0,0642%, dan nilai kalori 8521,1 kkal/kg

Kata Kunci: amplitudo; biodiesel; transesterifikasi; ultrasonik; minyak jelantah

 

ABSTRACT: In this research, the effect of ultrasonic on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil to biodiesel is studied. The biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is conducted in two process stages. All reactions are conducted with the ultrasonic power of 750 watt and frequency of 20 kHz. The first stage is the esterification process that aims to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) contents using acid catalyst. The esterification reaction is carried out in certain condition. The second stage is the production of biodiesel through transesterification using alkaline catalyst. The parameters being studied are the effect temperature and ultrasonic amplitude to the transesterification reaction. The results shows that the FFA content can be reduced to 0,77% using sulfuric acid catalyst 1% by weight of oil, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1 and a reaction time of 60 minutes. Then, the oil is converted into biodiesel using KOH catalyst. The obtained conversion is 83% with the catalyst amount of 1% by weight of oil, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1,  frequency of 20 kHz, amplitude of 50%, temperature of 60oC  and reaction time of 40 minutes. The biodiesel has a density of  879 kg /m3, 5,67 cst of viscosity, flash point   of 158oC,  pour point of 16oC, water content 0,0642% and caloric value 8521,1 kkal/kg.

Keywords: amplitude; biodiesel; transesterification; ultrasonic; waste cooking oil


Kata Kunci


amplitude, biodiesel, transesterification, ultrasonic, waste cooking oil

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


Badday, A. S., Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Keat Teong Lee, Muataz Sh. Khayoon, 2012, Intensification of biodiesel production via ultrasonic-assisted process: A critical review on fundamentals and recent development, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review,16, pp 4574-4587

Dianita Dini Suprarukmi, bagus Agang Sudrajat, Widayat, 2015, Kinetic Study on Esterification of Oleic Acid with Ultrasound Assisted, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23, pp 78-85

Groggins,P.H., 1958. Unit Process in Organic Syntesis”, 5th ed. Pp 775-777., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.

Griffin, R. C., 1955, Technical Methods of Analysis, 2nd ed, pp 107-110, Mc. Graw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York

Larpkiattawom, S., Chalermchai Jeerapan, Rattikan Tongpan, Siriporn Tongon, 2010, Ultrasonic on transesterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production, Biomass Asia Workshop, Jakarta, Indonesia

Mahreni, 2010, Peluang dan Tantangan Komersialisasi Biodiesel-Review, Eksergi, Vol 2 (2), pp 15-26

Nieves-Soto, Mario, Oscar M. Hernandez-Calderon, Carlos Alberto Guerrrero-Fajardo, Marco Antonio Sanchez-Castillo, Tomas Viveros-Garcia dan Ignacio Conteras-Andrade, 2013, Biodiesel Current Technology: Ultrasonic Process a Realistic Industrial Application, Intech, hal 177-206,

http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0 diakses pada 10 januari 2017

Sarve, Antaram N., Mahesh N. Varma, Shriram S. Sonawane, 2016, Ultrasound Assisted two-stage biodiesel synthesis from non-edible Schleichera triguga oil using heterogeneous catalyst: Kinetics and thermodynamic analysis, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 29, pp 288-298

Sri Wahyu Murni, Geoshinta Kusumawardani dan Thea Arifin, 2016, Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Kemiri Sunan dengan Proses Dua Tahap, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan” , Jurusan Teknik Kimia, FTI, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta

Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNI 04-7182-2006. Diakses dari www.scribd.com/doc/183769242/SNI-04-7182-2006-Biodiesel-pdf#download pada 3 April 2017, pukul 20:30 WIB




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v15i1.2291

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Eksergi ISSN-p  1410-394X, ISSN-e 2460-8203 diterbitkan oleh Prodi Teknik Kimia Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Yogyakarta.

Sekretariat: Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta Jl. SWK 104 (Lingkar Utara) Condong catur Sleman Yogyakarta 55283

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