Model Struktur Geologi Zona Kratakau, Implikasi terhadap Perkembangan Sedimentasi Zona Krakatau

Alfathony Krisnabudhi, Agus Men Riyanto, Maaruf Mukti, Muhammad Gazali Rachman

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Krakatau merupakan salah satu zona paling aktif secara struktur geologi dan vulkanisme di area Indonesia bagian barat. Keberadaan struktur geologi yang terdapat pada zona ini diinterpretasikan memiliki peran dalam perkembangan  kegunungapian khususnya pada kompleks Krakatau. Studi ini dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan hasil re-interpretasi data bawah permukaan berupa seismik 2D dan hasil analisis momen tensor serta data permukaan berdasarkan multibeam satu arc per detik. Integrasi tersebut dilakukan guna mengetahui model struktur geologi baik secara kinematik dan dinamikanya serta implikasinya terhadap perkembangan stratigrafi area Krakatau.

 

Interpretasi style structure memperlihatkan bahwa area Krakatau didominasi oleh sistem extensional dimana sesar normal planar mendominasi dan membentuk geometri graben Krakatau. Geometri graben memiliki arah yang pararel utara-selatan dengan keberadaan sesar normal planar dari West Krakatau Fault (WKF) dimana keberadaan kelompok sesar tersebut diinterpretasikan juga memiliki peranan penting dalam mengontrol intrusi serta sedimentasi pada zona Krakatau. Terdapat empat unit stratigrafi pada zona Krakatau yang terbagi menjadi dua sistem sedimentasi; 1) pre-extensional dan 2) syn-extensional sistem. Unit 1 merupakan unit yang terendapkan pada umur Oligosen akhir-Miosen awal dimana unit 1 terendapkan sebelum sistem extensional bekerja sehingga unit ini dikategorikan sebagai sedimen pre-extensional. Unit 2 hingga unit 4 terendapkan pada umur Miosen tengah hingga Pleistosen, keberadaan unit 2 hingga 4 memiliki ketebalan yang bervariasi, pada area graben Krakatau unit 2-4 sangat tebal sementara pada area Krakatau ridge ketebalan unit 2 hingga 4 terlihat lebih rendah dibandingkan Krakatau graben. Berdasarkan hal tersebut unit 2 hingga unit 4 dikategorikan sebagai sedimen syn-extensional. Keberadaan sedimen syn-extensional sangat berhubungan erat dengan masifnya pembentukan cekungan pull-apart Semangko dimana inisiasi pembentukan cekungan tersebut dimulai pada kurun waktu Miosen tengah. Keberadaan struktur extensional pada graben Krakatau juga diduga menjadi agen munculnya intrusi dyke, intrusi yang terjadi diinterpretasikan terjadi pada kurun waktu Pleistosen sehingga sedimen unit 1 hingga unit 4 bagian bawah terpotong oleh intrusi.

 

Kata Kunci: Krakatau, extensional, graben, sedimentasi, stratigrafi

 

ABSTRACT

Krakatau is one of the most active zones in terms of geological structure and volcanism in the western part of Indonesia. The existence of geological structures found in this zone is interpreted as having a role in the development of volcanoes, especially in the Krakatau complex. This study was carried out by integrating the results of the re-interpretation of subsurface data in the form of 2D seismic and moment tensor analysis results and surface data based on multibeam one arc per second. The integration was carried out to determine the kinematic and dynamic structural model and its implications for the stratigraphic development of the Krakatau area.

 

The interpretation of the style structure shows that the Krakatau area is dominated by an extensional system where the normal planar fault dominates and forms the Krakatau graben geometry. The graben geometry has an N-S parallel direction with the existence of the normal planar fault of the West Krakatau Fault (WKF), where the existence of this fault group is also interpreted to have an essential role in controlling intrusion and sedimentation in the Krakatau zone. There are four stratigraphic units in the Krakatau zone which are divided into two sedimentation systems; 1) pre-extensional and 2) syn-extensional system. Unit 1 is a unit that was deposited in the late Oligocene-early Miocene, where unit 1 was deposited before the extensional system worked. Hence unit is categorized as pre-extensional sediment. Units 2 to 4 were deposited in the middle Miocene to Pleistocene, where units 2 to 4 have varying thicknesses within the Krakatau graben area units 2-4 are very thick, while in the Krakatau ridge area, the thickness of units 2 to 4 looks lower than the Krakatau graben. Based on this, units 2 to 4 are categorized as syn-extensional sediments. The existence of syn-extensional sediments is closely related to the massive formation of the Semangko trantensional system, where the initiation of the formation of the basin began in the middle Miocene period. The existence of extensional structures in the Krakatau graben is also thought to be the agent for dyke intrusions. The intrusions are interpreted to have occurred during the Pleistocene period, so the intrusions intruded lower sediment units 1 to 4.

 

Key Words: Krakatau, extensional, graben, sedimentation, stratigraphy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jigp.v9i1sp.9410

DOI (PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)): https://doi.org/10.31315/jigp.v9i1sp.9410.g5238

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