Karakteristik Morfologi dari Formulasi Pupuk NPK Coated dengan Enkapsulasi Starch-PVA-Glycerol

Wildan Habibi, Chandra Wahyu Purnomo, Indra Perdana

Abstract


In modern agriculture, the application of NPK fertilizer plays an important role in food security. However, most commercial uncoated fertilizers have low nutrient absorption efficiency with 30-70% nutrient loss, advances to financial losses for farmers and causing environmental issues. Slow-release fertilizer (SRF) is the best solution to decrease loss rate, supplying nutrients sustainably, and reduces potential negative environmental effects. These fertilizers are made by physically encapsulating NPK fertilizer with organic hydrophobic materials (starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-glycerol). Double layered encapsulation is formulated by in-situ copolymerization of starch with vinyl acetate monomer from PVA in different ratios. Glycerol is added to increase the film compatibility. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) followed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals the morphological characteristic of uncoated and coated NPK samples. The surface micrograph of uncoated NPK exhibits fine spire crystals that are intensely cemented on to the surface with some bigger crystals of potassium chloride. The gaps and pores are also visible. The SEM micrographs of coated NPK depict layering and agglomeration that is a clear indication of the coating. A higher ratio of PVA increases agglomeration on the surface of coated NPK, representing dense and complete coverage with less pores and cavities occurs

Keywords


Coated NPK; copolymerization; polyvinyl alcohol; slow-release fertilizer; starch

Full Text:

PDF

References


Azeem, B. KuShaari, K. Man, Z. Effect of coating thickness on release characteristics of controlled release urea produces in fluidized bed using waterborne starch biopolimer as coating material. Procedia Eng. 2016; 148: 282-289.

Chagas, J. O., Gomes, J. M., Cunha, I. C. de M., de Melo, N. F. S., Fraceto, L. F., da Silva, G. A., & Lobo, F. A. Polymeric microparticles for modified release of NPK in agricultural applications. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2020; 13(1): 2084–2095.

Fertahi, S., Ilsouk, M., Zeroual, Y., Oukarroum, A., & Barakat, A. Recent trends in organic coating based on biopolymers and biomass for controlled and slow release fertilizers. Journal of Controlled Release 2021; Vol. 330: pp. 341–361.

Kassem, I., Ablouh, E. H., El Bouchtaoui, F. Z., Kassab, Z., Khouloud, M., Sehaqui, H., Ghalfi, H., Alami, J., & El Achaby, M. Cellulose nanocrystals-filled poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites as waterborne coating materials of NPK fertilizer with slow release and water retention properties. Inter. J. of Bio. Macro. 2021; 189(6): 1029–1042.

Lum, Y. H., Shaaban, A., Mitan, N. M. M., Dimin, M. F., Mohamad, N., Hamid, N., & Se, S. M. Characterization of Urea Encapsulated by Biodegradable Starch-PVA-Glycerol. J. of Poly. and the Enviro. 2013; 21(4): 1083–1087.

Purnomo, C. W., & Saputra, H. Manufacturing of slow and controlled release fertilizer. Controlled Release Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture 2021. Elsevier Inc.

Rop, K., Karuku, G. N., Mbui, D., Michira, I., & Njomo, N. Formulation of slow release NPK fertilizer (cellulose-graft-poly(acrylamide)/nano-hydroxyapatite/soluble fertilizer) composite and evaluating its N mineralization potential. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 2018; 63(2): 163–172.

Shaviv, A. Controlled release fertilizers. IFA Int. Work. Enhanc. Fertil. 2005; 1-13.

Sofyane, A., Ablouh, E., Lahcini, M., Elmeziane, A., Khouloud, M., Kaddami, H., & Raihane, M. Slow-release fertilizers based on starch acetate/glycerol/polyvinyl alcohol biocomposites for sustained nutrient release. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020; 36: 74–81.

Wu, Z. Yang, W. C., Chen, L., Meng, H., Zhao, J., Wang, S. Preparation and application of starch/polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid ternary blend antimicrobial functional food packaging films. Polymers 2017; 9 (3): 102.

Zafar, N., Bilal, M., Niazi, K., Sher, F., Khalid, U., Jahan, Z., Abbas, G., & Zia, M. Starch and polyvinyl alcohol encapsulated biodegradable nanocomposites for environment friendly slow release of urea fertilizer. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 2021; 7 (3): 100123.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.