Gasifikasi Cangkang Sawit dalam Updraft Fixed Bed Gasifier: Pengukuran Laju Gasifikasi Spesifik

Abstract

Gasification is process conversion solid material into fuel gas. This study were carried on updraft fixed bed
gasifier. Commercial application for updraft gasifier is used in Asphalt Mixing Plant at Ngawi with the
capacity 1 ton/hour. Palm shell was used as feedstock in this study with air as gasifying agent. Feeding
conducted as batch and intermittent (0.5 kg every 12 minute in certain time). Gasification process also
produced an undesirable product called tar. The analysis of tar measurement and gas composition was
performed by impinger bottle method and GC-TCD respectively. Gasification performance observed includes
flare ignition, temperature progress, tar quantity, and specific gasification rate. Biomass with high moisture
content produces producer gases that will be difficult to burnt because producer gases carried moisture
content from biomass. Flare ignition on biomass with moisture content 7,01% would be slower 2 minutes
than moisture content 4%. Flammable producer gases when net calorific value more than 3500 kJ/Nm3.
Temperature progress with intermittent feeding increase faster than batch feeding. However, temperatur
progress decreases when biomass was fed into the reactor. Tar content with high temperature on intermittent
feeding (4.8 mg/Nm3) was smaller than batch feeding (14 mg/Nm3). In this study, spesific gasification rate
(SGR) about 47.7 - 65.4 kg/m2h.