LEDAKAN AMONIUM NITRAT: FAKTOR PEMICU URGENSI PERUBAHAN SISTEM POLITIK DI LEBANON

Authors

  • Harmiyati Harmiyati Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional FISIP UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v25i2.5328

Keywords:

Lebanon, Confessional System, Exclusivism, Political Unstability, Economic Crises

Abstract

Lebanon, a country with a confessional political system, fragmented its political power based on the composition of religions. The political system is fragile and become an obstacle in creating national integrity. The fragility of the political system has always been the source of unstable politics and economics, however, the system remains until now. These problems are worsened by the fact that Lebanese community are exclusive in certain areas based on their religion, thus it triggers the imbalance of social and economic. On the other hand, the number of corruptions in the country has increased among the political elites hence social, political, and economical chaos are undeniable.

References

Drysdale, Alasdair (1985). The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography, Oxford

University Press, New York.

Hudson, Michael (1997). Arab Politics, The Search for Legitimacy, Yale University Press, USA.

Gurr, Ted Robert (2010). Why Men Rebel, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.

Rais, M. Amien (1989). Timur Tengah, PAU, UGM.

Saliba, Issam Michael (2007). ”Lebanon: Presidential Election and Conflicting Constitutional

Interpretations”, US Library Congress.

Sihbudi, Riza (1991). Bara Timur Tengah, Mizan, Bandung.

---------------- (2007). Menyandera Timur Tengah, Mizan, Jakarta.

Zaenuddin, A. Rachman (1977). “Beberapa Aspek Kesejarahan perkembangan Struktur Sosial dan

Politik di Lebanon”, Masalah-Masalah Internasional Masa Kini, No.8, 1977.

https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20141029160804-120-8752/afiliasi-partai-danmilitan-di libanon, diakses 20-8-2020.

https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-4767065/musim-semi-politik-lebanon, diakses 20/8/20

Downloads

Published

2021-07-31

How to Cite

Harmiyati, H. (2021). LEDAKAN AMONIUM NITRAT: FAKTOR PEMICU URGENSI PERUBAHAN SISTEM POLITIK DI LEBANON. Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, Dan Kebijakan, 25(2), 582–591. https://doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v25i2.5328

Issue

Vol. 25 No. 2 (2021): July 2021

Section

International Relations

License

The manuscript submitted to Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan journals are released under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- ShareAlike (CC BY SA) if and when the article is accepted for publication.

We declare that:

  1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
  2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
  3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.

 

Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions

Authors retain all proprietary rights  to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:

  1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
  2. The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
  3. The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
  4. The right to self-archive the article 

The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan