Global Governance dan Bioteknologi: Monopoli Benih Transgenik oleh Monsanto dan Posisi World Trade Organization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v26i2.7331Abstract
World Trade Organization telah menetapkan Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement sebagai mekanisme baru dalam pengaturan terkait hak kekayaan intelektual. Tetapi, penerapan TRIPs Agreement banyak menimbulkan kontroversi di bidang aglikultur. Masalah yang terjadi adalah hak paten jelas memberikan perlindungan yang kuat dan tidak berasalan bagi industri bioteknologi. Hal itu bisa dimanfaatkan oleh perusahaan besar dan juga negara-negara maju untuk memonopoli benih transgenik yang dampaknya akan merugikan para petani-petani lokal—khususnya di negara berkembang—yang berdampak pada ketahanan pangan global. Dengan mendasarkan Analisa pada pendekatan Global Governance, tulisan ini membahas mengenai bagaimana posisi Global Governance—dalam hal ini WTO—dalam penerapan TRIPs Agreement dengan mengambil studi kasus monopoli benih transgenic oleh Monsanto. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data-data sekunder. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa WTO sebagai Global Governance masih belum bisa mengatasi masalah monopoli benih transgenik karena sampai saat ini pun pembahasan ini belum selesai di dalam internal WTO sendiri. Dalam pembuatan regulasinya, WTO kurang memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip dasarnya dalam melindungi dan memberi manfaat bagi negara-negara berkembang sehingga cenderung menguntungkan negara-negara maju atau perusahaan besar yang memiliki power.
Kata Kunci: TRIPs Agreement, benih transgenik, World Trade Organization, Global Governance, Monopoli, Monsanto
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