Comparative Analysis of Reagents in Gold and Silver Leaching Process Using the Bottle Roll Test Method

Rizki Ardiansyah, Nabila Putri Wisnu Pratami, Zanescaya Wirasangka

Abstract


According to Law No. 4 of 2009, mineral processing in Indonesia must be carried out domestically. Cyanide (NaCN) remains the primary reagent in gold extraction due to its efficiency, but its negative environmental impact has driven the development of more environmentally friendly alternative reagents, such as thiosulfate and thiocyanate. This study aims to compare three types of reagents, namely NaCN, EG, and LW, in the gold and silver leaching process using the Bottle Roll Test method. The results show that LW achieved the highest gold extraction rate of 94%, followed by NaCN at 92% and EG at 88%. The best reaction kinetics were observed with LW, which reached maximum extraction within 8 hours. In terms of cost, NaCN was the most economical at 11.29 USD/ton of ore, lower than EG at 12.89 USD/ton and LW at 222.82 USD/ton. This study provides guidance for the gold mining industry in selecting the optimal leaching reagent based on extraction efficiency and cost-effectiveness.


Keywords


Reagent, Leaching, Bottle Roll Test, Economic, Extractive Metallurgy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adams, C. R., Porter, C. P., Robshaw, T. J., Bezzina, J. P., Shields, V. R., Hides, A., Bruce, R., & Ogden, M. D. (2020). An alternative to cyanide leaching of waste activated carbon ash for gold and silver recovery via synergistic dual-lixiviant treatment. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 92, 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.031

Aminah, S., Suparno, F. A. D., & Haeruddin, H. (2022). Preparasi dan Analisis Kandungan Unsur dalam Batuan Bijih Emas. Jurnal Teknologi Sumberdaya Mineral. https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JENERAL/article/view/31352

Aylmore, M. G. (2016). Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Leaching Gold Ores. Gold Ore Processing: Project Development and Operations, 447–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63658-4.00027-X

BADRIYAH, L. (2016). Penentuan Jumlah Oksidator pada Proses Isolasi Emas dari Batuan Menggunakan Larutan Thiourea. https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/78642

Birich, A., Stopic, S., & Friedrich, B. (2019). Kinetic Investigation and Dissolution Behavior of Cyanide Alternative Gold Leaching Reagents. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43383-4

Eco-Goldex Inc. (2021). Eco-Goldex Agent Work Mechanism. Retrieved on August 13, 2024 from https://eco-goldex.com/technology/

Fahira, A. (2022). STUDI EKSTRAKSI BIJIH EMAS KAYA TEMBAGA PT NUSA HALMAHERA MINERALS PADA PROSES SIANIDASI DENGAN METODE PULVERIZED BOTTLE ROLL.

Lunt, D., processing, T. W.-G. ore, & 2016, undefined. (2016). Process flowsheet selection. Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444636584000074

Marsden, J., & House, I. (2006). The chemistry of gold extraction. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=OuoV-o_Xf-EC&oi=fnd&pg=IA1&dq=Marsden,+J.,+%26+House,+I.+(2006).+The+chemistry+of+gold+extraction.+SME.&ots=Av2xUmxkt5&sig=C0lmBsDFf9c269vcwu-Qq-pT3bU

Mufakhir, F. R., Arham, L. O., & Saputra, H. (2020). Studi Ekstraksi Bijih Emas Asal Pesawaran dengan Metode Pelindian Agitasi dalam Larutan Sianida. Journal of Science and Applicative Technology, 4(2), 103. https://doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v4i2.365

Muktiana, F. (2020). Hidrometalurgi (Hydrometallurgy). https://virusmetalurgi.wordpress.com/2020/05/01/hidrometalurgihydrometallurgy/

Panjaitan, A. S., Maretha, M. R., Hilmiah, & Mardhotillah, B. (2023). Optimalisasi Penerapan Metode ARIMA dalam Mengestimasi Harga Emas di Negara Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia, 3(2), 136–146. https://doi.org/10.11594/jesi.03.02.06

Pitoi, M. M. (2015). Sianida: klasifikasi, toksisitas, degradasi, analisis (Studi Pustaka). Ejournal.Unsrat.Ac.IdMM PitoiJurnal MIPA, 2015•ejournal.Unsrat.Ac.Id. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jmuo/article/view/6893

Putri, B. A. (2018). Pengaruh pH dan Konsentrasi Tiosianat pada Fasa Umpan Terhadap Transpor Ion Tiosianat Melalui Polymer Inclusion Membran (PIM) Aliquat 336-Cl/1-Dekanol. http://repository.ub.ac.id/168173/

Rapele, N. P., Alam Fajar, N., Febriana, F., & Ridzuan, M. (2022). EKSTRAKSI EMAS DAN PERAK MENGGUNAKAN TIOUREA. In Jurnal GEOSAPTA (Vol. 8, Issue 1).

Ruben, G., Sondakh, J., & Soeikromo, D. (2021). Kajian Yuridis Kewajiban Perusahaan Pertambangan Mineral Logam Dalam Membangun Fasilitas Pengolahan Dan Pemurnian (Smelter) Di Indonesia. Ejournal.Unsrat.Ac.Id. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/administratum/article/view/32349

Sulistiyono, E., Prasetyo, A. B., Suharyanto, A., Penelitian Metalurgi -Lipi, P., Puspiptek, K., & Selatan, S.-T. (2016). POTENSI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PENGOLAHAN EMAS PROSES HEAP LEACHING.

Suratman. (2017). Gold recovery of refractory sulfide concentrates using direct cyanide leaching with nitrite as an oxidant. Indonesian Mining Journal, 19(3), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.30556/IMJ.VOL19.NO3.2016.541

Tache, R. (2022). New possibilities in leaching of gold ores. https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/164734

Welz, B., & Sperling, M. (2008). Atomic absorption spectrometry. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=xSV5hkuI5l8C&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Atomic+absorption+spectrometry&ots=AWKq6tCkqK&sig=NO1wrp-G-zGNez_dMq4TQ-kc8n0

Yustanti, E., Guntara, A., & Wahyudi, T. (2018). EKSTRAKSI BIJIH EMAS SULFIDA TATELU MINAHASA UTARA MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN TIOSULFAT (Vol. 12, Issue 2).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jmept.v5i2.13952

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki Ardiansyah

Journal of Metallurgical Engineering and Processing Technology indexed by:

 


 



Journal of Metallurgical Engineering and Processing Technology (JMEPT)


Department of Metallurgical Engineering, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta
Metallurgical Research and Development Centre (MRDC)-UPNVY
Gd. Urip Sumohardjo Lt. 2
Jl. Babarsari No. 2, Tambakbayan, Yogyakarta 55281

View My Stats