Alasan-Alasan Kesepakatan Perdamaian Amerika Sertikat dengan Taliban Tahun 2020

Rika Malia

Abstract


Tragedi 9/11 menandai awalnya invasi panjang Amerika Serikat terhadap Afghanistan dengan agenda menangkap Osama Bin Laden serta menurunkan/mengalahkan rezim Taliban karena dianggap mendukung Osama Bin Laden.  Invasi panjang yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap Afghanistan telah terjadi sepanjang 2 dekade terakhir ini resmi berakhir dengan ditandainya penandatanganan perjanjian damai antara Amerika Serikat dengan Taliban pada 29 Februari 2020. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui apa saja yang menjadi alasan-alasan Amerika Serikat menyepakati perdamaian dengan Taliban pada Tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data dekriptif serta menggunakan kerangka pemikiran teori model aktor rasional dari Graham T. Allison. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa yang menjadi alasan-alasan Amerika Serikat menyepakati perdamaian dengan Taliban yaitu, faktor ekonomi, medan pertempuran Afghanistan, dan kekuasaan Taliban menjadi alasan-alasan Amerika Serikat menyepakati perdamaian tersebut.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbot, Sebastian. 2010. “Terrain a deadly roadblock in Afghan offensive”. NBCNEWS. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna37155452. Diunduh pada 19 Maret 2023.

Allison, Graham T. 1971. Essence of Decision. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. Hal. 32.

Amiri, Ehsanullah & Donati, Jessica. 2017. “Taliban Fighters Infiltrate Afghan Army Base, Kill More Than 100”. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-fighters-infiltrate-afghan-army-post-killing-at-least-eight-people-1492794202. Diunduh pada 15 Juli 2022.

Asghor, Aly. 2021. “Taliban di Afghanistan: Tinjauan Ideologi, Gerakan, dan Aliansinya dengan ISIS”. Jurnal Keamanan Nasional. Vol. VII. No. 1. Hal. 73.

Beckwith, Ryan Teague. 2016. “Read Donald Trump's 'America First' Foreign Policy Speech”. TIME. https://time.com/4309786/read-donald-trumps-america-first-foreign-policy-speech/. Diunduh pada 4 April 2023.

Crawford, Neta C. 2019. “United States Budgetary Costs and Obligations of Post-9/11 Wars through FY2020: $6.4 Trillion”. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/2019/united-states-budgetary-costs-and-obligations-post-911-wars-through-fy2020-64-trillion. Diunduh pada 2 Oktober 2022.

Crawford, Neta C. 2021. “The U.S. Budgetary Costs of the Post-9/11 Wars”. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/BudgetaryCosts. Diunduh pada 5 Oktober 2022.

Dadouch, Sarah & George, Susannah & Lamothe, Dan. 2020. “U.S. signs peace deal with Taliban agreeing to full withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghanistan-us-taliban-peace-deal-signing/2020/02/29/b952fb04-5a67-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html. Diunduh pada 18 Februari 2022.

Eby Hara, Abubakar P. D. 2019. Analisis Politik Lluar Negeri Dari Realisme sampai Konstruktivisme. Bandung: Penerbit Nuansa Cendekia. Hal. 93-94.

Ghiasy, Richard dkk. 2017. “Afghanistan: Challenges and perspectives until 2020”. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/578033/EXPO_STU(2017)578033_EN.pdf. Diunduh pada 17 Maret 2023.

Hamid, Shadi. 2021. “Americans never understood Afghanistan like the Taliban did”. BROOKINGS. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/americans-never-understood-afghanistan-like-the-taliban-did/. Diunduh pada 8 Desember 2022.

Hubbard, Kaia. 2021. “Poll: Most Americans Think the War in Afghanistan was 'Not Worth Fighting'”. U. S. News. https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2021-08-19/poll-most-americans-think-the-war-in-afghanistan-was-not-worth-fighting. Diunduh pada 8 Desember 2022.

Mahally, Abdul Halim. 2003. Membongkar Ambisi Global Amerika Serikat. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Hal. 49.

Maizland, Lindsay. 2021. “The Taliban in Afghanistan”. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan. Diunduh pada 24 Juni 2022.

Michele Kelemen, Michele & Hadid, Diaa & Romo, Vanessa. 2018. “Zalmay Khalilzad Appointed As U.S. Special Adviser To Afghanistan”. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2018/09/05/641094135/zalmay-khalilzad-appointed-as-u-s-special-adviser-to-afghanistan. Diunduh pada 20 Agustus 2022.

Mitchell, Ellen. 2017. “US to send 3,500 more troops to Afghanistan: report”. The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/defense/349486-us-to-send-3500-more-troops-to-afghanistan-report/. Diunduh pada 15 Juli 2022.

Roggio, Bill. 2016. “US commander in Afghanistan downplays Taliban control of 10 percent of population”. https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/09/us-commander-in-afghanistan-downplays-taliban-control-of-10-percent-of-population.php. Diunduh pada 5 Maret 2023.

Salt, Alexander. 2018. “Transformation and the War in Afghanistan”. Strategic Studies Quarterly. Vol. 12. No. 1. Hal. 121.

SIGAR. 2023. “WHY THE AFGHAN SECURITY FORCES COLLAPSED”. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/evaluations/SIGAR-23-16-IP.pdf. Diunduh pada 3 Maret 2023.

U.S. Department of State. 2020. “Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan Between the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan which is not recognized by the United States as a state and is known as the Taliban and the United States of America”. https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Agreement-For-Bringing-Peace-to-Afghanistan-02.29.20.pdf. Diunduh pada 6 Juni 2021.

U.S. Embassy Jakarta. 2017. “President Donald J. Trump Announces a National Security Strategy to Advance America’s Interests”. https://id.usembassy.gov/president-donald-j-trump-announces-national-security-strategy-advance-americas-interests/?_ga=2.17027065.1367922162.1663165709-1968009884.1624173189. Diunduh pada 14 Juli 2022.

Wilson, Scott & Whotlock, Craig dkk. 2011. “Osama Bin Laden Killed in U.S Raid, Burried at Sea”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/osama-bin-laden-killed-in-us-raid-buried-at-sea/2011/05/02/AFx0yAZF_story.html. Diunduh pada 17 Maret 2021.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v4i1.10159

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v4i1.10159.g6246

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.