Metode Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Kitosan Dari Limbah Seafood : Kajian Pustaka
Abstract
Seafood waste is one of the common sources for chitosan production, such as crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and sea shells), squid cartilage, and others. Chitosan is a cationic biodegradable polymer which is biocompatible and has nontoxic properties to be applied in biological system. Chitosan, degraded from chitin, widely is used for drug delivery, tissue engineering (bone scaffold), food (coating film), agriculture (protection from harmful microorganisms), and pharmacological therapy such as an antibacterial agent for the human body. Chitosan is extracted with various methods such as chemical extraction, biological extraction, and microwave radiation extraction. Tthe characterization of chitosan can be known by percent yield, organoleptic test, dissolution, water content, and FTIR spectroscopy. The purpose of this review article is to overview the chitosan extraction method from environmental waste including the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abhinaya, M., Parthiban, R., Kumar, P. S., & Vo, D. V. N. (2021). A review on cleaner strategies for extraction of chitosan and its application in toxic pollutant removal. Environ. Res., 196.
Agusta, I., (2020). Ekstraksi Kitosan dari Limbah Kulit Udang dengan Proses Deasetilasi. Chem. Eng. J., 1(2):1-6 .
Alauhdin, M., & Widiarti, N. 2014. Sintesis dan Modivikasi Lapis Tipis Kitosan-Tripolifosfat. Jurnal MIPA, 37(1), 46–52.
Aranaz, I., Mengibar, M., Harris, R., Panos, I., Miralles, B., Acosta, N., Galed, G., & Heras, A. (2009). Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan. Curr. Chem. Biol., 3(2), 203–230.
Ayodele, O., Okoronkwo, A.E., Oluwasina, O.O., dan Abe, T.O., (2018). Utilization of blue crab shells for the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles and their characterization. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 40: 1039–1042.
Azizati, Z. (2019). Pembuatan Dan Karakterisasi Kitosan Kulit Udang Galah. Walisongo J. Chem., 2(1), 10.
Baroudi, A., García-Payo, C., & Khayet, M. (2018). Structural, mechanical, and transport properties of electron beam-irradiated chitosan membranes at different doses. Polymers, 10(2).
Battampara, P., Nimisha Sathish, T., Reddy, R., Guna, V., Nagananda, G. S., Reddy, N., Ramesha, B. S., Maharaddi, V. H., Rao, A. P., Ravikumar, H. N., Biradar, A., & Radhakrishna, P. G. (2020). Properties of chitin and chitosan extracted from silkworm pupae and egg shells. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 161, 1296–1304.
Chu, L., Zhang, Y., Feng, Z., Yang, J., Tian, Q., Yao, X., Zhao, X., Tan, H., & Chen, Y. (2019). Synthesis and application of a series of amphipathic chitosan derivatives and the corresponding magnetic nanoparticle-embedded polymeric micelles. Carbohydr. Polym. 223(June), 114966.
Fakhri, E., Eslami, H., Maroufi, P., Pakdel, F., Taghizadeh, S., Ganbarov, K., Yousefi, M., Tanomand, A., Yousefi, B., Mahmoudi, S., & Kafil, H. S. (2020). Chitosan biomaterials application in dentistry. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., (Vol. 162, pp. 956–974). Elsevier B.V.
Harjanti, R. S., (2014). Kitosan dari Limbah Udang sebagai Bahan Pengawet Ayam Goreng. J. Rek. Pros., 8, (1), 12-19.
Huang, Y. L., & Tsai, Y. H. (2020). Extraction of chitosan from squid pen waste by high hydrostatic pressure: Effects on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of chitosan. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 160, 677–687.
Hussain, R., Maji, T., Maji, T. K., & Maji, T. K. (2013). Determination of degree of deacetylation of chitosan and their effect on the release behavior of essential oil from chitosan and chitosan-gelatin complex microcapsules. Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol., 2(4), 4–12.
Imtihani, H. N., & Permatasari, S. N. (2020). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Kitosan dari Limbah Kulit Udang Kaki Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei). Simbiosa, 9(2), 129.
Jana, S., Das, A., Nayak, A. K., Sen, K. K., & Basu, S. K. (2013). Aceclofenac-loaded unsaturated esterified alginate/gellan gum microspheres: In vitro and in vivo assessment. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 57, 129–137.
Jaya, I., Syaputra, J., Prasetya, D. S. B., & Pangga, D. (2017). Pembuatan Kitosan dari Cangkang Udang sebagai Adsorben Emas (Au). J-LKF., 5(2), 48.
Kaur, S., & Dhillon, G. S. (2015). Recent trends in biological extraction of chitin from marine shell wastes: A review. In Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. (Vol. 35, Issue 1, pp. 44–61). Informa Healthcare.
Kim, H. D., Amirthalingam, S., Kim, S. L., Lee, S. S., Rangasamy, J., & Hwang, N. S. (2017). Biomimetic materials and fabrication approaches for bone tissue engineering. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 6(23), 1–18.
Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2021). https://kkp.go.id/djpdspkp/artikel/33334-peringkat-indonesia-sebagai-eksportir-produk-perikanan-dunia-meningkat-di-masa-pandemi diakses pada 22 November 2022.
KKP News. (2015). Limbah Kitin yang Bernilai Tambah. Diakses pada tanggal 22 November 2022, di : https://news.kkp.go.id/index.php/limbah-kitin-yang-bernilai-tambah/
Mashuni, M., Natsir, M., Lestari, W. M., Hamid, F. H., & Jahiding, M. (2021). Pemanfaatan Kitosan dari Cangkang Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) dengan Metode Microwave sebagai Bahan Dasar Kapsul Obat. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 17(1), 74.
Mohadi, R., Kurniawan, C., Yuliasari, N., & Hidayati, N. (2014). Karakterisasi Kitosan dari Cangkang rajungan dan tulang cumi dengan spektrofotometer FTIR serta penentuan derajat deasetilasi dengan metode baseline. Seminar Nasional FMIPA UNSRI, 10.
Muxika, A., Etxabide, A., Uranga, J., Guerrero, P., & de la Caba, K. (2017). Chitosan as a bioactive polymer: Processing, properties and applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 105(Pt 2), 1358–1368.
Nurhikmawati, F., Manurung, M., & Laksmiwati, (2014). Penggunaan Kitosan dari Limbah Kulit Udang sebagai Inhibitor Keasaman Tuak. Jurnal Kimia, 8(2):191-197.
Pal, K., Bharti, D., Sarkar, P., Anis, A., Kim, D., Chałas, R., Maksymiuk, P., Stachurski, P., & Jarzębski, M. (2021). Selected applications of chitosan composites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. (Vol. 22, Issue 20). MDPI.
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., dan Kriz, G.S., 2014. Introduction to Spectroscopy Fifth Edition, Thomson Learning, Inc.
Pighinelli, L., & Kucharska, M. (2013). Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composites. Carbohydr. Polym., 93(1), 256–262.
Queiroz, M. F., Melo, K. R. T., Sabry, D. A., Sassaki, G. L., & Rocha, H. A. O. (2015). Does the use of chitosan contribute to oxalate kidney stone formation? Mar. Drugs, 13(1), 141–158.
Rinaudo, M. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci., 31(7), 603–632.
Santos, V. P., Marques, N. S. S., Maia, P. C. S. V., de Lima, M. A. B., Franco, L. de O., & de Campos-Takaki, G. M. (2020). Seafood waste as attractive source of chitin and chitosan production and their applications. In Int. J. Mol. Sci. (Vol. 21, Issue 12, pp. 1–17). MDPI AG.
Sebastian, J., Rouissi, T., Brar, S. K., Hegde, K., & Verma, M. (2019). Microwave-assisted extraction of chitosan from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 biomass. Carbohydr. Polym., 219, 431–440.
Setha, B.; Rumata, F.; Sillaban, B. (2019). Karakteristik Kitosan Dari Kulit Udang Vaname Dengan Menggunakan Suhu dan Waktu Yang Berbeda dalam Proses Deasetilasi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 22(3), 498–507.
Setha, B., Rumata, F., dan Silaban, B.B., (20190. Karakteristik Kitosan dari Kulit Udang Vaname dengan Menggunakan Suhu dan Waktu yang Berbeda dalam Proses Deasetilasi. JPHPI, 22(3):498-507.
Shavandi, A., Hou, Y., Carne, A., McConnell, M., & Bekhit, A. E. din A. (2019). Marine Waste Utilization as a Source of Functional and Health Compounds. In Adv. Food Nutr. Res. (Vol. 87, pp. 187–254). Academic Press Inc.
Srinivasan, H., Kanayairam, V., & Ravichandran, R. (2018). Chitin and chitosan preparation from shrimp shells Penaeus monodon and its human ovarian cancer cell line, PA-1. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 107(PartA), 662–667.
Stefunny, Titin Anita Zaharah, H. (2016). Sintesis, Karakterisasi Dan Aplikasi Kitosan Dari Cangkan Udang Wangkan (Penaeus orientalis) Sebaai Koaulan Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Bahan Organik Pada Air Gambut. Jkk, 5(3), 52–59.
Tan, Y. N., Lee, P. P., & Chen, W. N. (2020). Microbial extraction of chitin from seafood waste using sugars derived from fruit waste-stream. AMB Express, 10(1).
Thibault, R. A., Mikos, A. G., & Kasper, F. K. (2013). Scaffold/Extracellular Matrix Hybrid Constructs for Bone-Tissue Engineering. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 2(1), 13–24.
Tolesa, L. D., Gupta, B. S., & Lee, M. J. (2019). Chitin and chitosan production from shrimp shells using ammonium-based ionic liquids. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 130, 818–826.
Tripathi, K., & Singh, A. (2018). Chitin, Chitosan and Their Pharmacological Activities: a Review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci., 9(7), 2626–2635.
Ugbaja, R. N., Ogungbemi, K., James, A. S., Folorunsho, A. P., Abolade, S. O., Ajamikoko, S. O., Atayese, E. O., & Adedeji, O. V. (2021). Chitosan from crabs (Scylla serrata) represses hyperlipidemia-induced hepato-renal dysfunctions in rats: Modulation of cd43 and p53 expression. Pathophysiology, 28(2), 224–237.
Wang, W., Meng, Q., Li, Q., Liu, J., Zhou, M., Jin, Z., & Zhao, K. (2020). Chitosan derivatives and their application in biomedicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. (Vol. 21, Issue 2). MDPI AG.
Younes, I., Hajji, S., Frachet, V., Rinaudo, M., Jellouli, K., & Nasri, M. (2014). Chitin extraction from shrimp shell using enzymatic treatment. Antitumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chitosan. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 69, 489–498.
Younes, I., & Rinaudo, M. (2015). Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Mar. Drugs, 13(3), 1133–1174.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.