Effect of Temperature and N-Doping on the Distribution of Bamboo Waste Pyrolysis Products Using Quartz Tube Furnace
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.14128Keywords:
Bamboo Waste, Biochar Biomass, N-Doping, PyrolysisAbstract
This study investigates the effect of temperature and nitrogen doping (N-Doping) on the pyrolysis of bamboo waste to optimize the distribution of biochar, bio-oil, and gas products. Bamboo waste as raw material was applied to pyrolysis in a quartz tube furnace reactor at temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C under two atmospheric conditions: pyrolysis with nitrogen (PN) and pyrolysis without nitrogen (PWN). Results reveal that temperature significantly influences product distribution, with bio-oil yield peaking at 500°C (52% in PN) and decreasing at higher temperatures due to secondary cracking. Nitrogen doping enhances bio-oil production by preventing oxidation and reducing secondary reactions, leading to a bio-oil yield increase from 16.52% in PWN to 55.32% in PN at 500°C. Conversely, PWN conditions resulted in higher biochar yield due to partial oxidation. Gas yield increased at elevated temperatures in both conditions, attributed to thermal cracking and reformation processes. These findings emphasize the importance of controlled temperature and atmospheric conditions in maximizing the efficiency and product quality of bamboo waste pyrolysis. The results provide valuable insights into sustainable biomass conversion strategies, contributing to renewable energy development and bamboo waste valorization.References
A Aladin, B Modding, T. S. and F. C. D. (2020). Effect of nitrogen gas flowing continuously into the pyrolysis reactor for simultaneous production of charcoal and liquid smoke. The 2-Nd International Seminar on Science and Technology (ISST-2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1763/1/012020
Aini, N., Mufandi, I., Jamilatun, S., & Rahayu, A. (2023). Exploring Cacao Husk Waste – Surface Modification, Characterization, and its Potential for Removing Phosphate and Nitrate Ions. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 24(12), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/17400
Chaturvedi, K., Singhwane, A., Dhangar, M., Mili, M., Gorhae, N., Naik, A., Prashant, N., Srivastava, A. K., & Verma, S. (2024). Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14(14), 15159–15185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03715-3
Chaudhary, U., Malik, S., Rana, V., & Joshi, G. (2024). Bamboo in the pulp, paper and allied industries. Advances in Bamboo Science, 7, 100069. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100069
Chen, W., Yang, H., Chen, Y., Chen, X., Fang, Y., & Chen, H. (2016). Biomass pyrolysis for nitrogen-containing liquid chemicals and nitrogen-doped carbon materials. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 120, 186–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.05.004
Deng, W., Zhang, Y., Hu, M., Wang, R., & Su, Y. (2025). Optimization of nitrogen-doped sludge char preparation and mechanism study for catalytic oxidation of NO at room temperature. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 150, 503–514. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.025
Gautam, N., & Chaurasia, A. (2020). Study on kinetics and bio-oil production from rice husk, rice straw, bamboo, sugarcane bagasse and neem bark in a fixed-bed pyrolysis process. Energy, 190, 116434. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116434
Hu, J., Yan, Y., Evrendilek, F., Buyukada, M., & Liu, J. (2019). Combustion behaviors of three bamboo residues: Gas emission, kinetic, reaction mechanism and optimization patterns. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 549–561. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.324
Jamilatun, S., Aktawan, A., Budiman, A., & Mufandi, I. (2022). Thermogravimetric analysis kinetic study of Spirulina platensis residue pyrolysis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 963(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012010
Jamilatun, Siti, Budhijanto, Rochmadi, & Budiman, A. (2017). Thermal decomposition and kinetic studies of pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(3), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.193-201
Jamilatun, Siti, Mufandi, I., Evitasari, R. T., & Budiman, A. (2020). Effects of temperature and catalysts on the yield of bio-oil during the pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 10(2), 678–686.
Jamilatun, Siti, Pitoyo, J., Amelia, S., Ma’arif, A., Hakika, D. C., & Mufandi, I. (2022). Experimental Study on The Characterization of Pyrolysis Products from Bagasse (Saccharum Officinarum L.): Bio-oil, Biochar, and Gas Products. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(3), 565–582. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i3.51566
Jerzak, W., Acha, E., & Li, B. (2024). Comprehensive Review of Biomass Pyrolysis: Conventional and Advanced Technologies, Reactor Designs, Product Compositions and Yields, and Techno-Economic Analysis. In Energies (Vol. 17, Issue 20). https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205082
Kasera, N., Kolar, P., & Hall, S. G. (2022). Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water: a review. Biochar, 4(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-022-00145-2
Kryshtopa, S., Kryshtopa, L., Panchuk, M., Smigins, R., & Dolishnii, B. (2021). Composition and energy value research of pyrolise gases. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 628(1), 12008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/628/1/012008
Liang, Z., Neményi, A., Kovács, G. P., & Gyuricza, C. (2023). Potential use of bamboo resources in energy value-added conversion technology and energy systems. GCB Bioenergy, 15(8), 936–953. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13072
Linh, H. C. T. (2024). Application of Bamboo Materials in the Field of Interior Architecture Design - Modern Landscape. In C. Ha-Minh, C. H. Pham, H. T. H. Vu, & D. V. K. Huynh (Eds.), 7th International Conference on Geotechnics, Civil Engineering and Structures, CIGOS 2024, 4-5 April, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (pp. 132–140). Springer Nature Singapore.
Mufandi, I., Suntivarakorn, R., Treedet, W., & Singbua, P. (2023). Analisis Termogravimetri dan Dekomposisi Termal pada Produksi Bio-Oil dari Daun Tebu Menggunakan Proses Pirolisis Cepat. Eksergi, 20(2), 82. https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v20i2.9849
Mufandi, I., Treedet, W., Singbua, P., & Suntivarakorn, R. (2020). Efficiency of Bio - oil Production from Napier Grass Using Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor with Bio - oil Scrubber. KKU Research Journal, 20(December), 94–107.
Nan, H., Xiao, Z., Zhao, L., Yang, F., Xu, H., Xu, X., & Qiu, H. (2020). Nitrogen Transformation during Pyrolysis of Various N-Containing Biowastes with Participation of Mineral Calcium. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(32), 12197–12207. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03773
Qian, K., Kumar, A., Zhang, H., Bellmer, D., & Huhnke, R. (2015). Recent advances in utilization of biochar. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 1055–1064. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.074
Rashmi Sarmah, R., & Neog, D. (2024). Bamboo as a Potential Eco-Friendly Composite – A Review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2818(1), 12031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2818/1/012031
Somerville, M., & Deev, A. (2020). The effect of heating rate, particle size and gas flow on the yield of charcoal during the pyrolysis of radiata pine wood. Renewable Energy, 151, 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.036
Tong, W., Cai, Z., Liu, Q., Ren, S., & Kong, M. (2020). Effect of pyrolysis temperature on bamboo char combustion: Reactivity, kinetics and thermodynamics. Energy, 211, 118736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118736
Treedet, W., Suntivarakorn, R., Mufandi, I., & Singbua, P. (2020). Bio-oil production from Napier grass using a pyrolysis process: Comparison of energy conversion and production cost between bio-oil and other biofuels. International Energy Journal, 20(2), 155–168.
Tripathi, M., Sahu, J. N., & Ganesan, P. (2016). Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 467–481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.122
Vamkuka, D. (2012). Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—An overview. International Journal of Energy Research, 33(4), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/er
Vuppaladadiyam, A. K., Varsha Vuppaladadiyam, S. S., Sikarwar, V. S., Ahmad, E., Pant, K. K., S, M., Pandey, A., Bhattacharya, S., Sarmah, A., & Leu, S.-Y. (2023). A critical review on biomass pyrolysis: Reaction mechanisms, process modeling and potential challenges. Journal of the Energy Institute, 108, 101236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2023.101236
Wang, J., Minami, E., Asmadi, M., & Kawamoto, H. (2021). Thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose in ball-milled cedar and beech wood. Journal of Wood Science, 67(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-021-01962-y
Wang, N., Chang, Z.-Z., Xue, X.-M., Yu, J.-G., Shi, X.-X., Ma, L. Q., & Li, H.-B. (2017). Biochar decreases nitrogen oxide and enhances methane emissions via altering microbial community composition of anaerobic paddy soil. Science of The Total Environment, 581–582, 689–696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.181
Wang, S., Dai, G., Yang, H., & Luo, Z. (2017). Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 62, 33–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.05.004
Wang, Yan, Yin, R., & Liu, R. (2014). Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and its effect on chemical properties of the tea garden soil. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 110, 375–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.10.006
Wang, Yurou, Guo, W., Chen, W., Xu, G., Zhu, G., Xie, G., Xu, L., Dong, C., Gao, S., Chen, Y., Yang, H., Chen, H., & Fang, Z. (2024). Co-production of porous N-doped biochar and hydrogen-rich gas production from simultaneous pyrolysis-activation-nitrogen doping of biomass: Synergistic mechanism of KOH and NH3. Renewable Energy, 229, 120777. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120777
Wijitkosum, S. (2023). Repurposing Disposable Bamboo Chopsticks Waste as Biochar for Agronomical Application. In Energies (Vol. 16, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020771
Yang, H., Huan, B., Chen, Y., Gao, Y., Li, J., & Chen, H. (2016). Biomass-Based Pyrolytic Polygeneration System for Bamboo Industry Waste: Evolution of the Char Structure and the Pyrolysis Mechanism. Energy & Fuels, 30(8), 6430–6439. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00732
Zhang, G., Feng, Q., Hu, J., Sun, G., Evrendilek, F., Liu, H., & Liu, J. (2022). Science of the Total Environment Performance and mechanism of bamboo residues pyrolysis : Gas emissions , by-products , and reaction kinetics. Science of the Total Environment, 838(June), 156560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156560
Zhang, Y., Liang, Y., Li, S., Yuan, Y., Zhang, D., Wu, Y., Xie, H., Brindhadevi, K., Pugazhendhi, A., & Xia, C. (2023). A review of biomass pyrolysis gas: Forming mechanisms, influencing parameters, and product application upgrades. Fuel, 347, 128461. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128461
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License(CC BY SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Eksergi allows authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions.