Analisis Strategi Ekspansi bisnis TSMC ke Pasar Global Melalui Pembangunan Fasilitas Produksi di Kumamoto Tahun 2021
Abstract
Industri semikonduktor global merupakan sektor strategis yang menopang ekosistem teknologi modern, mulai dari perangkat komunikasi, kendaraan listrik, hingga sistem berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dan kecerdasan buatan. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) memegang peranan sentral dengan menguasai lebih dari 60% pangsa pasar foundry global. Namun, dinamika rantai pasok global yang terganggu akibat pandemi COVID-19 mengungkapkan kerentanan konsentrasi produksi di satu wilayah. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendorong TSMC melakukan ekspansi fasilitas produksi ke Kumamoto, Jepang, pada tahun 2021, serta bagaimana strategi ekspansi bisnis internasional tersebut memperkuat jejaring produksi global perusahaan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keputusan ekspansi TSMC ke Jepang didorong oleh enam faktor utama: keberadaan ekosistem industri semikonduktor dan otomotif yang mapan, insentif pemerintah Jepang dalam bentuk subsidi investasi, kebutuhan pasar domestik Jepang terhadap chip otomotif dan elektronik, strategi diversifikasi lokasi produksi untuk mitigasi risiko rantai pasok, tren pergeseran industri semikonduktor global ke Asia Timur, serta kemitraan strategis dengan perusahaan Jepang. Penulis berargumen bahwa langkah TSMC ini merepresentasikan model ekspansi bisnis berbasis friendshoring dan integrasi jejaring produksi regional. Kesimpulan dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspansi TSMC ke Kumamoto bukan hanya meningkatkan kapasitas produksi global perusahaan, tetapi juga memperkuat ekosistem industri semikonduktor di Jepang.
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