Kafala System: How FIFA manage Human Right in Qatar due to FIFA World Cup 2022 according to UNGP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v4i1.9652Abstract
Piala Dunia 2022 Qatar mungkin menjadi ajang olahraga internasional yang ditunggu-tunggu
oleh para pecinta sepak bola di seluruh dunia. Namun, munculnya suatu polemik telah
menyandang nama acara ini. Konvensi Perbudakan 1926 (PBB, 1926) pasal 1(1) mendefinisikan
perbudakan sebagai suatu kondisi atau status yang dialami oleh seseorang di mana salah satu
atau semua kekuatan yang melekat pada hak milik dijalankan. Kabar yang tidak menyenangkan
tampaknya menerpa Qatar selaku tuan rumah Piala Dunia 2022, baik dari pemerintah Qatar
sendiri maupun FIFA. Selama persiapan mereka untuk Piala Dunia 2022, Qatar mendapati
informasi bahwa mereka tidak mempekerjakan para pekerja migran secara manusiawi dengan
adanya sistem kafala yang diduga masih diterapkan. Sistem tersebut dianggap telah
menempatkan para pekerja migran yang bekerja dalam proyek Piala Dunia 2022 ini pada posisi
yang rentan terhadap berbagai resiko yang akan dihadapi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk
menjelaskan bagaimana langkah yang dilakukan FIFA dalam mematuhi UN Guiding Principles
terkait isu perbudakan modern di Qatar yang diproyeksikan untuk Piala Dunia 2022. Dalam
artikel penelitian ini, metode yang akan penulis gunakan adalah metode literature review. Untuk
menganalisis peran atau langkah FIFA dalam hal tersebut, teori yang akan penulis gunakan
adalah teori organisasi internasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa FIFA
mengambil beberapa tindakan diantaranya koalisi pembangunan dengan CSDL, koalisi
transnasional dengan BWI, dan koalisi transnasional di FHRAB. Dari beberapa tindakan
tersebut, FIFA telah menunjukkan keterlibatan dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai sebuah
organisasi internasional dengan perannya sebagai instrumen, wadah, dan aktor dalam
menangani perbudakan modern yang terjadi dalam dinamika Piala Dunia 2022 di Qatar.
Kata kunci: Pekerja Migran, Perbudakan Modern, Sistem Kafala, Piala Dunia 2022 Qatar, FIFA
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