Vol 6 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Pena Wimaya
Articles

Kudeta Militer Niger 2023: Analisis Latar Belakang

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  • Jonathan Stanley Federico Purnomo,
  • Aryanta Nugraha
Jonathan Stanley Federico Purnomo
Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Diterbitkan 2026-07-21

Pemberitahuan Hak Cipta

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis latar belakang kudeta militer di Niger pada 26 Juli 2023 yang menggulingkan Presiden Mohamed Bazoum. Kudeta kelima sejak kemerdekaan negara ini terjadi di tengah krisis multidimensional yang telah melemahkan legitimasi pemerintahan sipil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab kudeta dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis Eric A. Nordlinger yang membedakan antara faktor struktural (jangka panjang) dan faktor kontekstual (pemicu langsung). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa faktor struktural meliputi delegitimasi Bazoum dalam ranah sosial-politik (warisan sistem patronase Issoufou dan identitas etnis minoritas Arab), ranah keamanan (memburuknya ancaman terorisme di Sahel dan kebijakan luar negeri pro-Barat), serta ranah ekonomi (kemiskinan kronis, ketimpangan pengelolaan sumber daya alam, dan ketergantungan pada bantuan asing). Sementara itu, faktor kontekstual terdiri atas akumulasi ketidakpuasan militer di ketiga ranah tersebut yang kemudian dipicu secara langsung oleh pemecatan Jenderal Salifou Modi dari posisi Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat (1 April 2023) dan rencana pemecatan Jenderal Abdourahmane Tchiani dari posisi Kepala Garda Presiden (24 Juli 2023). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kudeta 2023 merupakan hasil interaksi antara delegitimasi struktural jangka panjang dan pemicu kontekstual jangka pendek yang bersama-sama memungkinkan terjadinya intervensi militer.

Kata kunci: kudeta Niger 2023; faktor struktural; faktor kontekstual; Mohamed Bazoum; Abdourahmane Tchiani

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Referensi

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