Perancangan Geometri Peledakan Berdasarkan Karakteristik Batuan dan Struktur Geologi Permukaan Hasil Pemetaan UAV pada Batuan Metamorf di Penambangan Emas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31315/jtp.v11i1.14710Keywords:
Blastability Index, Blasting geometry, Blast fragmentation, Kuz-Ram model, UAVAbstract
Ukuran fragmentasi hasil peledakan memegang peran penting dalam keberhasilan proses ekstraksi emas di PT J Resources Bolaang Mongondow. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah belum optimalnya rancangan peledakan akibat belum diperhitungkannya variasi karakteristik batuan berdasarkan tipe alterasi. Fragmentasi yang tidak sesuai sasaran menghambat proses pelindian dan menurunkan efisiensi operasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai Blastability Index (BI) dari berbagai tipe alterasi batuan metamorf dan menyusun rancangan geometri peledakan yang adaptif terhadap kondisi geologi setempat, sehingga diperoleh fragmentasi batuan dengan ukuran P80 ≤ 10 cm.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai Blastability Index (BI) berdasarkan parameter geoteknik dari berbagai tipe alterasi batuan, serta menyusun rancangan geometri peledakan adaptif menggunakan pendekatan teoritis C.J. Konya, R.L. Ash, dan ICI Explosive. Penelitian melibatkan pemetaan struktur geologi menggunakan UAV dan fotogrametri, pengukuran BI dengan metode Lilly (1986), analisis fragmentasi aktual menggunakan Split Desktop, serta simulasi fragmentasi teoritis dengan model Kuz-Ram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Konya menghasilkan fragmentasi paling mendekati target (P80 ≤ 10 cm), terutama pada batuan dengan RF tinggi. Model Kuz-Ram efektif memprediksi distribusi ukuran berdasarkan nilai A dari BI. Pendekatan berbasis BI terbukti efisien dan adaptif, serta mampu meningkatkan kinerja pelindian. Oleh karena itu, rancangan geometri peledakan berbasis Konya direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di lokasi penelitian.
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