Evaluasi Efisiensi Kolam Pengendapan dalam Pengelolaan Air Limbah Tambang Batubara terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Loah Wen, Kutai Kartanegara

Ratih Chandra Kusuma; Shofa Rijalul Haq; Rofa Dzulfikri Bulopa

doi:10.31315/jtp.v11i2.16066

Penulis

Ratih Chandra Kusuma Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Yogyakarta
Shofa Rijalul Haq Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Teknologi Mineral dan Energi, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Rofa Dzulfikri Bulopa PT, Studio Mineral dan Batubara, Sleman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31315/jtp.v11i2.16066

Kata Kunci:

Kolam pengendapan , air limbah tambang batubara , kualitas air sungai, Sungai Loah Wen

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi sistem kolam pengendapan dalam mengelola air limbah tambang batubara serta pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas air Sungai Loah Wen yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat titik pemantauan, hulu dan hilir Sungai Loah Wen, serta inlet dan outlet kolam pengendapan selama semester pertama tahun 2025. Analisis laboratorium mencakup parameter fisika, kimia (organik dan anorganik), serta mikrobiologi, dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan regulasi nasional (PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 untuk air sungai Kelas II dan Permen LH No. 113 Tahun 2003 untuk air limbah tambang batubara). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air sungai secara umum berada dalam kondisi baik, dengan sebagian besar parameter berada jauh di bawah ambang batas baku mutu. Terdapat sedikit peningkatan konsentrasi besi terlarut di hilir (0,3 menjadi 0,4 mg/l), namun masih dalam batas aman dan kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh proses geogenik alami. Analisis air limbah menunjukkan bahwa kolam pengendapan mampu menurunkan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dari 15 menjadi 12 mg/l dengan efisiensi 20%, sekaligus mempertahankan pH yang stabil dan konsentrasi Fe serta Mn yang sangat rendah (<0,03 dan <0,02 mg/L). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengelolaan air limbah yang diterapkan saat ini efektif dalam mengurangi beban pencemar serta mencegah penurunan kualitas badan air penerima. Secara keseluruhan, penerapan kolam pengendapan yang didukung proses sedimentasi dan koagulasi berperan penting dalam memastikan kepatuhan terhadap standar lingkungan serta menjaga integritas ekologi Sungai Loah Wen.

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