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ANALISIS PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI TURKIYE TERHADAP PENGAJUAN AKSESI SWEDIA KEPADA NATO TAHUN 2022-2024
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pada 24 Februari 2022, Rusia mengirimkan pasukan militernya untuk menginvasi Ukraina sebagai respon dari aksesi Zelensky kepada presiden AS yakni Joe Biden agar mengizinkan Ukraina bergabung sebagai anggota dari North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) di akhir tahun 2021. Invasi yang dilakukan oleh Rusia mendapatkan berbagai respon dari dunia internasional, dimana pada 05 Mei 2022 Swedia mengajukan aksesi kepada NATO. Namun aksesi Swedia harus tertahan karena Turkiye, salah satu negara anggota NATO menolak aksesi tersebut karena Swedia diduga memberikan dukungan kepada Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), yakni sebuah organisasi separatisme Kurdi yang dianggap teroris oleh Turkiye. Hingga pada puncak pelaksanaan KTT NATO di Lithuania Juli 2023 lalu, secara mengejutkan Erdogan kemudian menyetujui aksesi keanggotaan Swedia pasca diadakannya pertemuan pribadi bersama PM Swedia dan Sekjen NATO. Swedia telah resmi menjadi anggota NATO pada 07 Maret 2024. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis perubahan kebijakan luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Turkiye terkait aksesi Swedia ke NATO menggunakan teori Foreign Policy Change milik Eidenfalk. Dengan mengidentifikasi berbagai internasional yang mempengaruhi perubahan keputusan Turkiye serta memanfaatkan konsep Windows of Opportunity, akan dijelaskan mengenai bagaimana Turkiye mampu memanfaatkan situasi geopolitik yang kompleks ini dalam mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya.
Kata Kunci: Turkiye; Swedia; NATO; Aksesi; Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri
ABSTRACT
On February 24 2022, Russia sent its military forces to invade Ukraine in response to Zelensky's accession to US President Joe Biden to allow Ukraine join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) at the end of 2021. The invasion carried out by Russia received various responses from the international community. On May 5 2022, Sweden submitted its accession to NATO. However, Sweden's accession had to be held back because Turkiye, one of the NATO member countries, rejected the accession because Sweden was suspected of providing support to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a Kurdish separatist organization considered a terrorist by Turkiye. At the NATO Summit in Lithuania, July 2023, Erdogan surprisingly approved Sweden's accession after a private meeting with the Swedish Prime Minister and NATO Secretary General. Sweden officially became a member of NATO on March 7, 2024. This study will analyze the changes in foreign policy made by Turkiye regarding Sweden's accession to NATO using Eidenfalk's Foreign Policy Change theory. By identifying various international factors that influence Turkiye's decision-making changes and utilizing the concept of Windows of Opportunity, it will be explained how Turkey is able to take advantage of this complex geopolitical situation in achieving its national interests.
Keywords: Turkiye; Sweden; NATO; Accession; Foreign Policy Change
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v5i1.13727
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v5i1.13727.g6801
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