STATE RATIONALITY IN POLICY MAKING : PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN KOSOVO TERHADAP KOMUNITAS SERBIA DI KOSOVO UTARA PASCA SERANGAN BANJSKA PERIODE 2023-2025
Abstract
Serangan bersenjata di Banjska, Kosovo Utara, pada 24 September 2023 menjadi titik balik yang signifikan dalam hubungan antara pemerintah Kosovo dan komunitas Serbia di wilayah tersebut. Peristiwa ini memicu pengetatan kebijakan keamanan, penguatan kehadiran negara, serta perubahan pendekatan politik yang berorientasi pada stabilitas dan kedaulatan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis dinamika kebijakan pemerintah Kosovo terhadap komunitas Serbia pasca-Serangan Banjska dalam rentang waktu 2023-2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rational Actor Model untuk memahami bagaimana pemerintah Kosovo merespons krisis dengan sumber daya terbatas, tekanan internasional, serta kepentingan politik domestik yang beragam untuk menentukan suatu kebijakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan dari sejumlah literatur relevan dan artikel berita yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Kosovo pasca-Serangan Banjska mencerminkan kombinasi antara upaya memperkuat kedaulatan negara dan keterbatasan dalam implementasi kebijakan, yang dipengaruhi oleh tekanan politik domestik, hubungan dengan Serbia, serta intervensi Uni Eropa dan NATO. Dengan menggunakan kerangka Rational Actor Model, penelitian ini berupaya memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang bagaimana krisis keamanan memengaruhi kebijakan negara terhadap minoritas etnis di wilayah pascakonflik. Studi ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan dialogis yang lebih inklusif untuk mengurangi ketegangan jangka panjang.
Kata Kunci: Kosovo, Komunitas Serbia, Banjska 2023, Kebijakan Keamanan, Rational Actor Model
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