Vol 4 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Pena Wimaya
Articles

Efektivitas Kebijakan Sekuritasi Jepang untuk Mengatasi Isu Penurunan Angka Kelahiran Tahun 2005-2022

Anmita Intan Fatimah
UPN "veteran" Yogyakarta
Nabila Kirana Pramadevi
UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta
Apriyanti Eka Handayani
UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta
Dyah Puspa Maharani
UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Diterbitkan 2024-01-31

Abstrak

Sebagai salah satu faktor krusial keberlangsungan dan kesinambungan negara, angka kelahiran di suatu negara merupakan agenda rutin yang akan terus dikaji para pembuat kebijakan. Sebagai negara yang secara masif dan berkelanjutan mengalami penurunan angka kelahiran, pemerintah Jepang secara berkala menetapkan berbagai kebijakan guna menekan penurunan angka kelahiran masyarakatnya. Upaya ini merupakan langah sekuritisasi pemerintah untuk mengatasi ancaman ketidakamanan negara dari segi ancaman kepunahan populasi masyarakat Jepang. Sekuritisasi merupakan upaya aktor negara dalam menjadikan suatu isu politis sebagai permasalahan keamanan untuk dapat melakukan langkah-langkah tertentu demi mengatasi ketidakamanan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektifitas dari upaya sekuritisasi Jepang dalam meningkatkan angka kelahiran di Jepang. Penelitian akan dikaji dan difokuskan pada evaluasi kebijakan publik dengan indikator kenaikan ataupun penurunan angka kelahiran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah deskriptif kualitatif, penulis mengambil data dari internet yang menjadi sumber informasi utama dari website Pemerintah Jepang beserta sumber jurnal atau berita lainnya. Lalu, data tersebut akan dianalisis dengan deskripsikan sebaik mungkin untuk mengaitkan data dengan kerangka berfikir yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan yang ditetapkan Jepang masih belum efektif karena pemerintah cenderung lebih fokus dalam penanganan masalah yang timbul di permukaan, ketimbang meninjau dan mengupayakan perubahan sistem yang ada di masyarakat.

Referensi

  1. Caballero-Anthony, M. (2016a). On Security. In An introduction to non-traditional security studies: A transnational approach. essay, SAGE.
  2. Caballero-Anthony, M. (2016b). Understanding Non-traditional Security. In An introduction to non-traditional security studies: A transnational approach. essay, SAGE.
  3. Cabinet office. (2021). Annual report on the declining Birthrate 2021 (Summary). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2021/pdf/gaiyoh.pdf
  4. Cabinet Office. (2019). Annual Report on the Declining Birthrate 2019 ( Summary ) June 2019. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2019/pdf/gaiyoh.pdf
  5. George Wright. (2023). Japan PM says country on the brink over falling birth rate. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-64373950
  6. HISANAGA, R. (2023). Of single women , only 36 % want to have children after marriage. The Asahi Shimbun. https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14717718
  7. Littlejohn, B. (2023). A childless future in Japan?:Low fertility is a crisis, but government funding won’t solve a problem of misplaced priorities. WORLD. https://wng.org/opinions/a-childless-future-in-japan-1675254268
  8. Marriage and Mat (Vol. 2007, Issue December).
  9. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2008/pdf/p5_13.pdf
  10. Cabinet office. (2021). Annual report on the declining Birthrate 2021 (Summary). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2021/pdf/gaiyoh.pdf
  11. Cabinet Office. (2019). Annual Report on the Declining Birthrate 2019 ( Summary ) June 2019. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2019/pdf/gaiyoh.pdf
  12. George Wright. (2023). Japan PM says country on the brink over falling birth rate. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-64373950
  13. HISANAGA, R. (2023). Of single women , only 36 % want to have children after marriage. The Asahi Shimbun. https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14717718
  14. Littlejohn, B. (2023). A childless future in Japan?:Low fertility is a crisis, but government funding won’t solve a problem of misplaced priorities. WORLD. https://wng.org/opinions/a-childless-future-in-japan-1675254268
  15. Mccurry, J., & Nikai, T. (2018). Childless couples are “selfish” says Japanese political chief. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/27/childless-couples-are-selfish-says-japanese-political-chief
  16. Menju, T. (2017). Imigrasi solusi masalah kependudukan di Jepang. Eastasiaforum. https://eastasiaforum.org/2017/10/26/immigration-the-solution-to-japans-population-problem/
  17. Nippon.com. (2022). Japan Continues to Gray : Baby. Nipppon.Com. https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h01446/
  18. Office, C. (2008a). Chapter 2 : Countermeasures against a Declining Birthrate Past countermeasures 1 . From ‘ 1 . 57 Shock ’ to ‘ New Countermeasures Against Declining Birthrate ’ 2 . Analyses of the Difference between Citizens ’ Desires and the Realities of Marriage and Mat (Vol. 2007, Issue December).
  19. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2008/pdf/p5_13.pdf
  20. Office, C. (2008b). Part 1 : Current Countermeasures against Declining Birthrate , and Tasks Chapter 1 . Current Status of Low Birthrate (Vol. 000). https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2008/pdf/p1_4.pdf
  21. Office, C. (2010). Chapter 1 Formulation of ‗ Vision on Children and Childc are ‘ 1 . Aiming at the Society for Supporting Children and Childcare 2 . Reviewing Current Policies (Issue March). https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2010/pdf/1_1_1_p1_3.pdf
  22. Office, C. (2011a). Chapter 2 . Society which can realize hopes of pregnancy , birth and childcare. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2011/pdf/part2_2.pdf
  23. Office, C. (2011b). Part 2 . Basic Implementation Status for Children and Child Care Measures in 2010 Chapter 1 Supporting growth of children and realizing the society that the youth can grow at ease. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2011/pdf/part2_1.pdf
  24. Office, C. (2012). Chapter 3 Strengthening community with multiple networks which performs childcare. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2012/pdf/part2_3.pdf
  25. Office, C. (2013a). Current Status of Measures to Cope with Declining Birth Rate and its Challenges Chapter 1 Current Status of Declining Birth Rate. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2013/pdf/part1_1-1.pdf
  26. Office, C. (2013b). Specific Implementation Status of Measures against Declining Birthrate Chapter 1 In Pursuit of a Society Where Parenting is supported and Young People can grow in Confidence. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2013/pdf/part2-1.pdf
  27. Office, C. (2016a). 4 . Situations of childbirth and childrearing ( Thoughts about childbirth ) ( Difficulty persists in continuing employment for women ). https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2016/pdf/part1_1-3.pdf
  28. Office, C. (2016b). Chapter 2 Efforts to Deal with the Declining Birthrate. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2016/pdf/part1_2-1.pdf
  29. Office, C. (2017). Current Status of Countermeasures against Declining Birthrate (Summary). https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2017/pdf/part2.pdf
  30. Office, C. (2020). Annual Report on the Declining Birthrate 2020 (Summary). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2020/pdf/gaiyoh.pdf
  31. Office, C. (2022). Annual Report on the Declining Birthrate 2022 (Summary). https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2022/pdf/gaiyoh.pdf
  32. Office, C., & Plan, N. A. (2014). Chapter 2 Efforts to Deal with the Declining Birthrate. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2014/pdf/part1_2-1.pdf
  33. Research, N. I. of P. and S. (2023). Population Statistics of Japan 2023. https://www.ipss.go.jp/p-info/e/psj2023/PSJ2023.asp
  34. Thejapantimes. (2023). Half of unmarried people under 30 in Japan don’t want kids, survey finds. The Japan Times, Ltd. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/04/08/national/social-issues/children-parenthood-surveys/
  35. WorldData.info. (2023). The average age in global comparison. WorldData.Info. https://www.worlddata.info/average-age.php