Improving the sustainability index through life cycle assessment: A case study in a bag manufacturing company

Authors

  • Shadrina Putri Nabila Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Emelia Sari Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Iveline Anne Marie Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Indah Permata Sari Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Mohd Yazid Abu Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31315/opsi.v18i2.13246

Keywords:

Life cycle assessment, Emission , Environmental impact , Sustainability index , Waste

Abstract

The bag manufacturing industry is one of the most resource-intensive and environmentally impactful sectors, producing significant waste and emissions during manufacturing. This study focuses on the Audero Bag, a product of the Less Catino brand, which contributes the most to production waste among all models. This research applies the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method following ISO 14040:2006 to evaluate the environmental impact of each production stage, from material cutting to finished goods, within a gate-to-gate system boundary using SimaPro software. The results show that the Cutting Division contributes the highest environmental impact (88.4%) due to substantial material waste and energy consumption. The most dominant impact categories identified are terrestrial ecotoxicity (6.27E-03), marine aquatic ecotoxicity (4.90E-03), and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (1.72E-03) caused by fabric material usage. The sustainability assessment based on economic, environmental, and social indicators yields an overall Sustainability Index (SI) of 80.68%, indicating a relatively good level of performance. After the implementation of proposed 6R improvement strategies (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Remanufacture, and Recover) the index improved to 66.51%, reflecting the need for a more balanced integration of efficiency and environmental management. Strengthening waste treatment systems and optimizing material recovery are recommended to enhance long-term sustainability performance in the bag production process.

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Published

2025-12-30

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): OPSI - December 2025

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